Heart of Darkness Lit. Journal - 1712 Words

Heart of Darkness: Literary Vocabulary Journal Directions: As you read Heart of Darkness, you will note examples of important literary devices used by Conrad in the text. First, find the definition and fill them in the table below. Then, find and example from the text. You can find definitions on the internet (using a literary terms dictionary). Or in a Literary Dictionary. Online Literary Dictionary: http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_A.html Term/Definition: Example from the text: Brief Explanation as to How Example creates Meaning in the Text: Page #: Archetype: the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies â€Å"I’ve seen the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and†¦show more content†¦Page 18 Stream-of-Consciousness: Writing in which a characters perceptions, thoughts, and memories are presented in an apparently random form, without regard for logical sequence, chronology, or syntax ‘â€Å"I was thinking of very old times, when the Romans first came here, nineteen hundred years ago - the other day†¦Light came out of this river since - you say Knights? Yes; but it is like a running blaze on a plane, like a flash of lightning in the clouds. We live in the flicker - may it last as long as the old earth keps rolling! But darkness was here yesterday†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This is when Marlow starts discussing and contemplating the theme of the story and how those from the past must’ve gone insane when faced with their own mortality and desperation, the terrors of sickness and insanity, the seclusion in the wilderness such as the sea or the jungle. Page 7 Style: The authors words and the characteristic way that writer uses language to achieve certain effects â€Å"†¦he began again, lifting one arm from the elbow, the palm of the hand outwards, so that, with his legs folded before him, he had the pose of a Buddha preaching in European clothes and without a lotus flower -† Rather than plainly stating â€Å"he sat down,† Conrad puts a mouthful of wordsShow MoreRelatedHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad vs. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1476 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe are two novellas written to make a statement about the struggles of early societies. Both stories stir up moments of hope, anger, disappointment, despair, and enlightenment in an attempt to inform the reader of the injustices and societal differences during the 1800’s. Heart of Darkness tells the story from a European Colonist perspective while Things Fall Apart illustrates the outlook of the African tribe member being colonizedRead MoreSanity of the Narrator in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe766 Words   |  4 PagesSanity of the Narrator in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe In Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart we question the sanity of the narrator almost immediately, but we cannot prove either way whether or not he is insane. I have read a lot of Poes work although not all of it. His mysterious style of writing greatly appeals to me. Poe has an uncanny talent for exposing our common nightmares and the hysteria lurking beneath our carefully structured lives. I believe, for the most part, thatRead MoreThe Importance Of The Symbol System Of The Msm Liturgy On Holy Friday1574 Words   |  7 Pageseffectiveness of the symbol system which was imperative as it formed the basis of the report and enhanced the credibility of the report findings. 2.2 Secondary Data The main sources of secondary data included a combination of book sections, websites and journal articles which were all used to support the findings of the primary data. All sources were reputable as they were recent documentations written or published between 2011 and 2016 with an exception to one source which was produced in 2003. All theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Dialect Journal1653 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Kristine Pham H. Freshmen Lit Composition Summer 2014 Dialectic Journal Assignment FAHRENHEIT 451 TEXT CHAPTER PAGE RESPONSE (Question, Predict, Connect, Clarify, Reflect, Evaluate) With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting it s venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history. ChapterRead MoreJames Joyce’s Dubliners Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pageseverywhere. One day, Mangan’s sister finally talks to the boy. They chat about the bizarre, and he promises to go and buy her something. While she speaks to him, he notices how the light â€Å"caught the white curve of her neck, lit up her hair that rested there and, falling, lit up the hand upon the railing† (45). As they speak for the first time, he is quite literally seeing her in a new light. After some convincing and waiting, he is finally cleared to make the journey to the bizarre. He arrives, howeverRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s `` The Raven, And The Pit And The Pendulum 1872 Words   |  8 Pagesthey read it, and also based off of their personal backgrounds. Edgar Allan Poe’s stories are described as â€Å"disturbing† with disturbed characters. His stories are meant to bring chills down the spine. Most of them are based on death, and the darkness it br ings to the mind and how it affects your mental state. There is not life without death, and Poe really exaggerates this in his stories. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809. He was born in Boston, and his parents were both actorsRead MoreOrson Welles’s Citizen Kane (1941) and Akira Kurosawa’s Rashomon (1950)1852 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure that is already in ruins shows how selfish and silical he is. Rains represent darkness and evilness present in the world. Rain symbolizes the downpour of disturbed emotions that we witness at the gate. In one of the films most beautiful scenes, the wife kneels next to a stream that runs through the forest. The most obvious meaning of this seems to be of the beauty that can be found even in the heart of a moral wilderness. Sun in the end, represents winning of good over bad. In the end ofRead MoreA Dance of the Forest4738 Words   |  19 Pagesof ‘ritual’ theatre where a fundamental anxiety manifests itself in members of the audience over whether or not the protagonist will survive confrontation with the forces of chaos which now exist in the arena of performance space. International Journal of Arts and Sciences 4(1): 105-113 (2011) CD-ROM. ISSN: 1944-6934  © InternationalJournal.org In the analysis of Soyinka’s Myth, Literature and the African World which is for readers of Soyinka’s plays, a sourcebook on his philosophical, poetic andRead More Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words   |  9 Pagesmasked man, who has the visage of a corpse, the characters have begun to understand that death had come to get them at last. In the story, death is synonymous with the outside as proposed by Martin Roth in his article in the University of Wisconsin Journals. Roth describes the Red Death as â€Å"an invader from the outside† solidifying the idea that escape is futile (Roth 50). Had death been inside, the idea would have been that death was always there, â€Å"...inescapable despite one’s social status and allRead MoreSpeech Choir2951 Words   |  12 Pagesearths nirvana, The ninth cloud of the nation, The seventh heaven like no other. Hear ye, hear ye! Make some noise for this is Mandaue City Science High School - Home of the legendary and visionary individuals. http://kathrine1emo.multiply.com/journal/item/16/Speech-Choir-Piece The Resiliency of a Filipino by William G. Bacani B : Filipino is resilient G : Since time immemorial, we are tested by countless calamities; volcanic eruptions, devastating earthquakes and lahar flows, super typhoons

Technology And The Ancient Civilization - 2113 Words

Before there were tanks, machine guns, windmills, and solar panels, the first civilizations emerged that helped create the history of humanity which provided the larger context for Western Civilization. Uses of weaponry and technology were used very differently in the ancient civilizations than they are today. Relating back to the times of the Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization, technology kept advancing throughout the Ancient Egyptian Civilization into the Ancient Greek Civilization, and then finally the Ancient Roman Civilization. As techniques and strategies were past down from civilization to civilization, each shared its own similarities, as well as varied differences. One trait they had in common was to commit violence and economically overpower one another. Technology has ultimately advanced due to the knowledge transferred from generation to generation. Uses of sophisticated weaponry and devices have created more opportunity for warfare and improvement in the work place. Ancie nt civilizations became more powerful due to the advancements of technology. Technology did not only create the use of violence, but it also helped the economies grow and become stronger, because production of trading goods rose like never before. The rivers, such as the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates all flourished, as well as destructed civilizations. Each civilization had different uses for these rivers, however, some benefitted more than others. When analyzing ancient civilizations, thereShow MoreRelatedAncient China Versus Ancient Greece Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesAncient China Versus Ancient Greece Ancient China and Ancient Greece were two vastly different civilizations with different cultures; they shared a multitude of similar political, economic, and philosophical achievements while also inholding multiple differences. The centralized government of China differed from the independent city-states of Athens. A similarity that both civilizations held in regards to politics would be the role, or lack thereof one, that women played within their respectiveRead MoreAncient Greece : A True Civilization1507 Words   |  7 PagesGreece A True Civilization Joshua Soifer and Remy Dunn Eurasian History Mr. Yamada October 6 2017 As the politician and bishop Stephen Gardiner once claimed, â€Å"The center of Western culture is Greece, and we have never lost our ties with the architectural concepts of that ancient civilization†. In many ways, through their academic pursuits, philosophical ideologies, or advanced trade systems, Ancient Greek culture has proven to be the foundation for Western culture. Ancient Greece wasRead MoreAncient Rome And The Han Dynasty In China1279 Words   |  6 PagesLauren So 11/24/17 DBQ ESSAY During the Classical Period, Ancient Rome and the Han Dynasty in China were two prospering civilizations. On one hand, there was Ancient Rome, which was a civilization in the Mediterranean area that had been able to last about one-thousand years. Ancient Rome was also considered to be one of the most influential civilizations. The Han Dynasty on the other hand lasted four-hundred years and instead of being the most influential society, the Han DynastyRead MoreImpact Of The Barbarians On Ancient Civilizations1576 Words   |  7 Pageskilling people and pillaging villages and towns. The barbarians, Vikings, and the Mongols often don’t receive credit for the ways that they positively impacted ancient civilizations. Even though the barbarians, Vikings, and the Mongolians impacted ancient civilizations in positive ways they also did some things that impacted ancient civilizations in negative ways. When most people hear the word â€Å"Barbarian† they often think about the negative things that barbarians have done instead of the positive thingsRead MoreEssay on Compare/Contrast China and India896 Words   |  4 PagesChina and India China and India were both very advanced ancient civilizations. Both agricultural based civilizations made various technological advances. Although China and India shared many similarities, they had differences such as the social system, politics, and the importance of trade in the economy. The hierarchy of ancient China and India were similar with a noticeable sign of select individuals being considered â€Å"higher† then others. The caste system was strict in India and prohibited otherRead More The Lost City Atlantis1338 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction We have all heard about the legend of Atlantis. It’s said that Atlantis was an advanced civilization with highly developed economy and technology. But one day, catastrophe occurred in sudden. Atlantis entirely sank beneath the waves in only one day and one night. In thousands of years, Atlantis has caught the imagination of people from all over the world. Many adventurers, historians and anthropologists spent their whole life trying to open the mysterious veil of Atlantis. But hasRead MoreThe Main Contributions from Greek Society Essay572 Words   |  3 PagesThe Greek civilization was the first European civilization. At this point in time religion is not prevalent or influential. The European religion was borrowed from the Middle East. There are two main contributions from the Greek civilization. They were politics and secular. Polis the Greek word for city state is where politics came from. They had modern politics with the first democracy. It was divided into city-states that rule themselves in a democratic fashion. With this they have the majorityRead MoreHow Did The Technology Of Roman Empire Impact It?1741 Words   |  7 Pagesneighboring countries. They revised battle tactics, weapons, legions, but mostly technology to emerge as an undisputed leader of the Mediterranean. The Roman Empire was eager to find new ways, new technology, to help the empire grow beyond imaginable. Arches, military weapons, and basic technology were all created by the Empire. However, the question trying to be answered is, â€Å"How did the technology of Roman Empire impact it?† Technology was any invention that helped ease the lives of many or wars to be finishedRead MoreIncas Versus The Aztecs And Mayans Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesSpanish conquerors such as Spaniard Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) and the spread of small box. At the peak of power the civilization extended 4,000 km (2,500 miles) and included 16 million people. They were extremely advanced, ha d an army, laws, roads, bridges, and tunnels. Inca’s were the most advanced civilization because of their government, agriculture, architecture and technology compared to the Aztecs and Mayans. 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Management of Diversity Free Essays

MANAGEMENT OF DIVERSITY WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION Written and presented by: Tyson Johnson Charles Bushell Kori Greaves Introduction When most people envision diversity, the first things which come to mind are age, sexual orientation, race and gender. In Workforce America! Managing Employee Diversity as a Vital Resource, diversity is defined as: â€Å"otherness or those human qualities that are different from our own and outside the groups to which we belong, yet present in other individuals and groups. â€Å"The dimensions of diversity are further expanded but not limited to: age, ethnicity, gender, race, physical abilities/qualities, sexual orientation, education, geographical location, income, marital status, religion, work experience, military involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Management of Diversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Loden and Rosener 1991; 18-19) Principles and Objectives To address diversity issues directly one must question: What policies, practices or current strategies within our organizational culture have differential impact on different groups? What organizational changes should be made to meet the requirements of a modern diverse workforce and maximize the potential of all workers? The Key Principles and objectives of The Organizational Diversity Plan are as follows: * Promote awareness of workplace diversity within the organization (acceptance) * Develop and maintain a highly skilled and efficient workforce where the value and motivation of employees is present across the board * Develop a supportive environment where staff have a balance between work and their personal life * Provide a prejudice and harassment free working environment * Include diversity management principles in recruitment processes The Solution Acceptance of diversity: First and foremost, management must acknowledge that their working environment encompasses a wide variety of people. It is often difficult to see what part diversity plays in a specific area of management and how it relates to the development and success of the organization. A manager must understand that in the modern world, where migration due to education and opportunities is prevalent, diversity is an inevitable issue and must be handled in such a way that the organization can benefit and succeed. Development and maintenance of workforce: To develop an efficient team, a leader must be established within each team, group or department. The most effective team leaders build their relationships with workers through trust and loyalty as opposed to fear and power. A manager should consider the suggestions and ideas of all his employees. No idea should be considered as unworthy or idiotic. Employees should be made to feel like they belong and are part of the bigger picture. One should always seek chances to mediate and solve minor disputes before they get out of hand. This leads to greater harmony and a step towards achieving company goals. In mediating, directives should be clear and concise and must take into consideration everyone’s differences and views. The contribution of each team member should never be undervalued and the manager must remind his employees about the importance of his/her job to the success and development of the business. Employees should work on creating solutions on their own. This develops communication and builds a stronger bond. As a supervisor your initial priority in problem solving is stimulating debate. Employees are often afraid to disagree with one another and this may result in poor decisions made. Debate inspires creativity which further leads to a workforce which thrives on cohesion and efficiency. Develop a Supportive Environment: The working environment is always an important variable in having a productive staff. Diversity introduces many struggles including trying to maintain a balanced environment for employees. One must accept the fact that there is life outside of the workplace regardless of timelines and working hours. Families must be attended to, social activity to be maintained. It is up to management to forge a bridge between work and personal life in such a way that productivity is still maintained at a high level but with minimal stress. * The introduction of after work care for children of staff, will allow staff to continue to work outside of normal working hours but still be able to take care of their children. * Staff parties or outings are always a good idea to address the need for social interaction. This also gives workers a chance to understand different cultures and personalities of their colleagues. * Religious beliefs, and sexual orientations must be accepted and care taken to respect them. Prejudice and harassment free organization: The main problem realized with diversity is discrimination which comes in many forms. There should be a zero-tolerance policy with relation to prejudice or harassment of any kind. Regardless of race or culture or gender, each employee was hired for a particular set of skills or envisioned potential they could offer to the organization and they should be allowed to display and hone them. Discrimination breeds separation and breakdowns in communication which impacts very negatively on the productivity and advancement of any business. Where discrimination is identified as an issue, all efforts should be made to address the situation(s) as quickly as possible. Discipline must be swift and – in extreme cases – harsh in order to set the standard for further issues. Diversity management principles in recruitment: During recruitment and interviewing processes, management must bear in mind that everyone must have the same access to opportunities and ensure that a nondiscriminatory standard is used for the selection process. This can be aided by: Forming diverse selection committees to ensure bias free selection * Salary and incentives should be offered equally regardless of ethnic origin or sexual orientation * Make sure there is equal opportunity for both men and women Conclusion Management of diversity is one of the key goals of the modern organization. It is extremely important to comprehend how the dynamics of diversity affect performance, productivity, motivation and success within the business and le arn how to merge them. Some human resources policies and structures have created or presented barriers in an effort to mask the problem but this is far from the solution. These blockades must be removed to allow free interaction and communication between staff and staff and employer. Diversity is not a problem, but actually an aid in the development and advancement of an organization. As with any introduced policy, there is a need for continuous monitoring and evaluating. The modern business environment and attitudes contained are constantly being changed and molded. Bibliography Loden and Rosener – 1991 Oxford University Human Resources Department Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal – Ratsamy Phomphakdy, Brian H. Kleiner How to cite Management of Diversity, Papers

Contemporary Important Accounting Business â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Are The Contemporary Issues Important Accounting Business? Answer: Introduction The organizations in the current scenario need to adhere to the policies and regulations framed by the statutory boards. This helps the company in projecting the information that is correct and helps to create a positive impact. Moreover, disclosure leads to creation of goodwill and enable a higher level of transparency. Going by the level of complexity, it can be seen that the companies need to provide information to the stakeholders and both the financial, as well as non-financial information needs to be provided to the related parties (Deegan, 2011). Further, the information is assessed considering the concept of prudence, substance, materiality etc. Hence, it is of utmost importance that the statement must adhere to the conceptual framework. The same is indicated in the report through the selection of Woolworths and Qantas both listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. The disclosures by both these companies are studied in an effective manner and various concepts are studied in th e light of these two selected companies. Adherence to AASB standards and conceptual framework requirements The AASB (Australian Accounting Standards Board) is an organization whose prime work is maintenance and development of reporting standards that are applicable to entities in both private and public sector of the Australian economy. It utilizes a conceptual framework in order to analyze and develop accounting standards. In addition, based on the Australian Accounting Standards, it is mandatory for such previously mentioned companies to comply with the conceptual framework (Titman et. al, 2011). Nevertheless, the qualitative characteristics of helpful financial information apply to financial information offered in the financial statements. Taking into account the compliance and concepts, Woolworths Ltd and Qantas Airways have been selected, and their annual reports have been discussed in a thorough manner. Based on the materiality concept, information can be considered as material if misstating it or omitting it can influence decisions. Therefore, from the annual reports of both companies, it can be seen that they have complied with the ASX recommendations and principles of corporate governance in order to comply with conceptual framework requirements. Secondly, based on the faithful representation concept, both the companies have complied with the same qualitative characteristic (Zeff, 2007). This can be proved by the fact that both companies have offered a written declaration of their respective directors stating the fact that their annual report presents a true and fair view of their performance. Both companies have also adhered to section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001 to give evidence of the same. Similarly, both the companies have also adhered to the relevance characteristic of the conceptual framework in their annual reports. This can be proved by the fact that both have prov ided both financial and non-financial details in their reports that are relevant in nature or have a potential to influence the decisions of users. For example, Woolworths Ltd has provided a separate section under its remuneration report stating the particulars of their directors interests in performance rights and shares of the company. Similarly, Qantas Airways have also offered relevant details regarding their non-audit services provided during the year in addition to other statutory duties (Woolworths, 2016). The company has also certified that such non-audit services provided by the company are in compliance with the Corporations Act 2001. Lastly, both companies have also given due preference to a reliable characteristic of the conceptual framework so that users can make appropriate decisions based on the same. For example, Woolworths has offered material facts associated with their departure from Home Improvement and segregation of EziBuy and BIGW with each other. Despite knowing the fact that disclosure of such details can affect its financial performance, the company has not hesitated in disclosing the same. In the same way, Qantas has provided reliable information by proving how its earnings had enhanced. It had depicted that due to minimization in ex-fuel unit costs and revenue advantages from Qantas Transformation Program, the company had attained benefit in terms of revenues (Qantas, 2016). It can also be observed from the annual report of Qantas that its items of PPE (Plant, Property, and Equipment) are measured at cost minus impairment losses and accumulated depreciation. Besides, such items are initially recorded at fair value of the amount offered in addition to any incidental expenses incurred with the acquisition. In contrast to this, the PPE of Woolworths is recorded at cost less impairment losses and accumulated amortization. Moreover, there is one similarity betwixt the depreciation method of both the companies. It can be witnessed that even though the PPE of both companies is recorded on a different basis, yet their depreciation method is same. The depreciation method of both companies is done through a straight-line basis method (Spiceland et. al, 2011). Conceptual framework revision to remove disparities in corporate reporting The concept of prudence can be utilized as a synonym for conservatism concept. Everyone in his or her day-to-day life uses this concept. In simple words, prudence means to avoid unwanted outcomes or consequences by being careful or cautious (Fields, 2011). In accounting, this concept has long been regarded as one of the most significant concepts in the determination of time for recognition of revenue. Based on the prudence rule, gains must not be expected unless their realization is immensely probable. However, recent revision in the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles has resulted in an accusation from academic critics to the IASB for abandoning the concept back in the year 2010 (Ibrahim et, al, 2013)). This proves the fact that such revision was being made because there were various deficiencies in the conceptual framework for financial reporting The prudence concept can be easily witnessed in the annual reports of both the companies. Since its revision in the year 2015, companies have adhered to the conceptual framework by fulfilling every qualitative characteristic in order to be more transparent to its users. In relation to Woolworths Ltd, the basic engagement of AASB 9 can be witnessed in the affairs of the company. The specific engagement of the accounting standard guidelines plays a key role in offering an option for measuring every investment in equity instruments at their fair value, thereby assisting in identifying the probable alterations in the form of other comprehensive gains of the company. The impairment losses of the companys intangible assets are measured in their upcoming levels and are analyzed at regular intervals in order to make sure that the amortization figures are not overstated (Samaha Dahaway, 2010). Similarly, in relation to Qantas Airways, this concept of prudence can be easily observed in its se ction of Notes to Financial Statements (Qantas, 2016). In this section, it can be seen that the company has implemented a prudent vision wherein it will raise a provision for operating leases on premises and other customer contracts. The reason behind such step is the costs that are overcoming the contractual obligations of financial benefits intended to be achieved (Davies Crawford, 2012). Hence, with the help of such step, it can avoid its revenue figures from being overstated. Considering all these scenarios, it can be stated that prudence assists in recognition of revenue in the proper sense. In the absence of prudence, assets and income will become exaggerated and liabilities and expenses will be degraded (Melville, 2013). These can create various disparities in corporate reporting that can break the trust and reliance of users on the companys financial statements, as it will result in a material misstatement, thereby resulting in bad decisions on the part of such users (Horngren, 2013). Comparison and contrast between Qantas and Woolworths There are various similarities and dissimilarities between the annual reports of both companies. Firstly, both companies are listed on the ASX and adhere to the corporate governance principles of the ASX. Secondly, both companies have adhered to section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001. Thirdly, the depreciation method followed by the companies is similar in nature. The only key difference is that Qantas does not take into account freehold land while computing its depreciation. Fourthly, both companies have taken an opportunity to disclose their corporate governance statements on their respective websites. Lastly, both the companies implement due care while providing material information to their users. This is because both believe in safeguarding the integrity and morality of corporate financial reporting (Graham Smart, 2012). While Qantas achieves a maximum portion of its revenues from the airline industry, Woolworths attains its revenues from liquor retailing. Furthermore, while Woolworths intends to enhance priority and inclusion culture to gain control over its rivals (Woolworths, 2016), Qantas, on the other hand, intends to advance its strategies in order to maximize shareholder value. It also aims to drive tourism and trade, serve many communities, assist small businesses, etc. Lastly, the provisions made by both companies are distinct in nature. While both make a provision for onerous contracts, other provisions are not similar. Woolworths make their other provisions for employee benefits and self-insured risks, and Qantas make their other provisions for leased assets and insurance or legal risks (Qantas, 2016). Recommendation Due to various complications in the current market, the disclosure of material information has become very vital. It is recommended that companies must prioritize relevant information in their financial statements and discard immaterial information because it cannot influence the decisions of users. Moreover, in order to maximize shareholder value, companies must provide them accurate and timely information so that they can place their trust upon the company. Besides, transparency must be implemented between the company and its stakeholders so that issues can be easily taken into consideration through proper communication channels. Nevertheless, compliance with AASB standards and conceptual framework for corporate reporting is the most significant in order to thrive in the market Conclusion From the previously mentioned analysis of both the companies, it can be concluded that compliance with the AASB standards and conceptual framework is very significant to reach desired goals and objectives. This can be possible if proper and timely disclosures are made available to the users of financial statements. Moreover, companies must also be prudent enough to avoid material misstatements in their financial statements, as it can, in turn, hamper the decisions of users. Hence, both the conceptual framework and disclosure measures are vital for the success of a company, as these can balance and ease their performance, thereby maximizing their goodwill in the market. Nevertheless, Qantas and Woolworths have not disappointed in fulfilling such requirements References Davies, T Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Fields, E 2011, The essentials of finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers, New York: American Management Association. Graham, J Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. Ibrahim M, Sweiti Dr. Osama F Attayah 2013, Critical Factors Influencing Voluntary Disclosure: The Palestine Exchange PEX, Global Journal of Management and Business Research Finance, vol. 13 no. 6, pp. 9-15 Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Qantas 2016, Qantas 2016 Annual report accounts, viewed 12 August 2017, https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/corporateGovernance/2016AnnualReport.pdf Samaha, K. Dahaway, K 2010, Factors influencing corporate disclosure transparency, in the active share trading firms: An Explanatory study, Research in Emerging Economies, vol. 10, pp. 87-118. Spiceland, J., Thomas, W Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press. Titman, S, Martin, T, Keown, AJ Martin, JD 2016, Financial management: principles and applications, 7th edn, Pearson Australia, Vic. Woolworths Ltd 2016, Woolworths Ltd. Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 13 August 2017, https://wow2016ar.qreports.com.au/xresources/pdf/wow16ar-full.pdf Zeff, S.A. 2007, Some obstacles to global financial reporting comparability and convergence at a high level of quality, The British Accounting Review, vol. 39, pp. 290302

Beowulf Not Just A KidS Story Essays - Beowulf, Grendel, Unfer

Beowulf: Not Just A Kid'S Story When you compare Beowulf to any modern novel or movie, Beowulf seems childlike at best. Beowulf is told in a straightforward, uncomplicated manner very unlike many of today's works, which contain complex plots and themes. What makes Beowulf readable to an adult and not just children? Why do people find stories such as Beowulf so intriguing? Why is Beowulf, or any myth, significant? Beowulf, the story of the young Beowulf sent by fate to save a kingdom plagued with a nightmarish monster, a rather basic plot synopsis especially for a story that has been around for more than one thousand years. However Beowulf contains far more long-standing impact than a slew of the best selling books at any bookstore. Beowulf, as any myth, teaches many moral lessons giving us a detailed insight into the culture and writer's beliefs through written accounts of morality and religion and through the tale's deep symbolism. And it also provides for an entertaining ride filled with supernatural feats and monsters with an inspirational hero or role model for the reader. In contrast to some other popular mythological stories such as the tales of the Greek gods, Beowulf is almost believable. Beowulf is just over the edge of ?real?, it pushes our definition of what exists but not to the point to where we cannot imagine what is happening in the story. Also I feel that Beowulf is a superior work of mythology because Beowulf is a true and perfect hero, and represents the personality and courage most people wish they had In Episode 1 the story begins with the tale of Scyld Sceafing, which parallels Beowulf's evolution, it is the motif of a helpless child turning into a great king. Similarly, Sceafing arrives from the water to the Danish lands in the same way Beowulf arrives. This is a popular theme in many myths, a small and weak one rising to be strong and a leader (i.e. Jesus). Part of the beauty of mythology is the repetition of motifs such as this one. Another facet of mythology that is uncovered in Episode 1 is religion. In every myth religion is dealt with in some way. Unlike most myths, however, the religious affiliation and code is hard to decipher. References to the Old Testament are made often (i.e. Cain and Abel, the flood), but it is never made quite clear of what the religious beliefs of the Danes are. The writer himself is definitely familiar with the Bible, and was probably actually a monk, but the Danes do not seem to be. This raises the question of whether the original oral presentations contained the religious references or sub-stories that the written one does. Obviously the hero of the story does not completely fit the humble pacifist Christian personality, so it is a reasonable inquiry. As shown here, part of the reason myths are so fascinating is because of the questions and speculations they cause to arise about the culture and its ideas from which the myth evolved. In Episode 3 the phenomenal Beowulf arrives on the Herot scene to slay Grendel. Beowulf in Beowulf is a very strong individual, so strong in fact that he rips archrival Grendel's arm cleanly off! This is impossible of course, for a man to do such thing, physiology doesn't permit it. Even more unbelievable is Grendel himself. Grendel's ?fingers were nails like steel? (Beowulf Episode 5) and ?no battle sword could harm him - he had enchantment against the edges of weapons? (Beowulf Episode 6). A fantastic hero and villain is a key to mythology. Why have such an unreal hero? It's simple because he is a hero, a role model, and so why not make him as powerful and super human as desirable. When the story originated, and was thus truthfully believed, many youngsters probably idolized the mighty Beowulf, and wanted to equal his valor and courage. It evoked emotional inspiration to conquer evil with bravery and goodness, a very desirable goal in any culture. Demonstrated in Episode 4 was some very dramatic language that made the story very compelling and entertaining. The author uses some vivid imagery and language to describe the approaching Grendel's character ?Came then from the

Renault Story in India Essays

Renault Story in India Essays Renault Story in India Essay Renault Story in India Essay Since 2012 the Indian automobile industry is going through a tumultuous period. Worsening macro-economic conditions within the country, high interest rates and rising input costs are fast eroding the profitability of most of the car manufactures. Despite price cuts and other incentives, car sales in India remained sluggish. Analysts are pointing to a second straight year of declining sales in what was one of the world’s fastest growing auto markets. The slowdown in the overall automobile demand in the country was a concern for the product managers of Renault. Though amidst all the gloom, Renault had some reasons to cheer.Since its launch in summer of 2012, Renault’s compact SUV Duster’s market performance had been far beyond the expectations of the Renault management. After a string of unsuccessful partnerships and product launches, the product managers at Renault had finally managed to launch a product which struck a chord with the Indian consumers. The fact tha t SUVs have been registering good growth in an otherwise somnambulistic car market has clearly helped the Duster’s cause. Yet, there was tremendous hard work put in by the Renault India team to get everything right from the features and mileage to the final price.Now amidst all the economic gloom and slew of fresh competition posed by new launches by Ford and Maruti, the coming year appears to be a much more challenging proposition. Product management team of Duster was poring over the market reports and surveys to figure the next move. 2Renault’s story in India Renault is a French multinational vehicle manufacturer established in 1899 by Louis Renault and his two brothers. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past, trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches and autorail vehicles.In order to better scale up globally and to cross leverage the RD expertise, Renault and Nissan forged a strategic alliance in 1999. The Alliance is a strategic partnership b ased on the rationale that, due to substantial cross-shareholding investments, each company acts in the financial interest of the other- while maintaining individual brand identities and independent corporate cultures. Renault currently has a 44. 4 percent stake in Nissan, and Nissan holds a 15 percent stake in Renault (non-voting, giving Renault effective control). The car group sold 8. million cars worldwide in 2012, behind Toyota, General Motors and Volkswagen for total volume. Renault entered the Indian market much later than the other global competitors. At the time of its entry the Indian market was primarily dominated by small and compact hatchbacks offered by Korean and Indian companies. Maruti along with the Hyundai were the top two manufactures within the country offering slew of models in between the 3-5 lacks segment. Poor road conditions along with the cost conscious customer base posed a significant design and marketing challenge to the car companies to package the rig ht features at an affordable price.In order to crack the Indian auto market puzzle, Renault decided to enter the Indian market in partnership with Mahindra. Together the partner launched Logan which received Logan which met with a mixed response from the Indian market. Logan failed to attract consumers due to its length of fractionally - more than 4 meters - that required a factory gate duty of 22% compared to 10% for the less-than-4 meter cars. The Logan was criticized for its boxy looks and awkward ergonomics. Due to uncompetitive pricing, Logan struggled to sustain volumes and was soon confined only to Taxi segment.After constant tussle between the two partners, Mahindra and Renault decided to cancel their unhappy marriage. Renault temporarily dabbled with the idea of the partnering with Bajaj for a low end car, and then finally decided to go all out alone in the market. In March 2010, Renault India and Nissan India opened a production facility in Chennai. Established with an i nitial investment of 45 billion (US$760 million), the plant has a combined annual capacity to produce 400,000 vehicles. Each partner is entitled to half the production capacity. Since the start of its own operation Renault has launched the following models.

Internet and Everyday Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Internet and Everyday Life - Essay Example Consequently, the present research contains profound sociological significance in its nature and scope. The internet is rightly viewed to be one of the most influencing inventions of all times, which has paved the way towards introducing of fastest possible modes of communication and interactions for the people across the globe (Bakardjieva 2011, p. 59). Consequently, one could enter into a detailed and comprehensive communication with the persons living thousands of miles away from him within a jiffy (Bakardjieva 2011, p. 60). The individuals can enter into business contracts, and could have an access to sufficient information about health, learning and other topics while staying at one’s computer by one click only through the internet. Hence, internet has made the contemporary era life to be exceptionally swift and speedy one in all regards; same is equally the case with the amusement and recreational activities people get involved into in one way or the other, predominantly sex, romance and dating (Gibbs et al 2011, p. 72). Burkitt has declared both performing of professional obligations as well as enjoying recreational moments as inevitable parts of everyday life (2011, p. 212). Bakardjieva is of the opinion that the internet surfing has obtained the status of an essential part of daily routine, which is consumed during both professional and recreational activities in contemporary era (2011, p. 58). Cooper (2000) ascertains that over one tenth of the aggregate internet users spend over 11 hours a week searching for and looking at sexual content (Zitzman 2007, p. 11). Hence, a considerable part of daily routine is spent on the internet; out of which most of the time is consumed in watching porn sites (Attwood & Smith 2014, p. 2). In past, internet was consumed by the professionals only at offices and workplaces, and was meant

Theory of the five disciplines as a method of change Term Paper

Theory of the five disciplines as a method of change - Term Paper Example Theory of the five disciplines as a method of change A successful change management process is one which benefits the management and defines measure or the stakeholder’s aims, devises an effective education, training or skills upgrading system for the organization, counters the resistance from the employees and aligns them towards the strategic direction of the organization, provides personal counseling to any change related fears (Hayes, 2010).The 10 principles that guidelines the change management is address the human side systematically, it should start at the top, change should involve every layer, make the formal case, create ownership, communicate the message, address culture explicitly , assessing the cultural landscape, speak to the individual and prepare for the unexpected. John Kotter has proposed the 8-step change model for the change management process. The 8-step change model comprises of - Creating urgency , by identifying threats and developing scenarios to forecast what can happen in future to create a sense of u rgency of change, examining opportunities that could be exploited, to start honest discussions and convincing reasons to enable people talking and thinking, request support from the stakeholders to support the argument. Form a powerful coalition, in order to convince people that change is necessary, and bring together a coalition or team of some influential people whose power comes from various sources, the change coalition needs to work as a team to continuously create the need and urgency for change.

The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols Assignment

The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols - Assignment Example The first international standard is ISO/IEC 18000-7. This standard came up after a series of consultations between the international Standard Organization and a number of stakeholders in the wireless technology, where they found it fit to develop this standard in regulating the wireless communication industry (Thomas, 2009). The stakeholders agreed with International Standard Organization proposal and formed a working group called DASH7 Alliance. DASH7 Alliance together with experts from International Standards Organization developed DASH7 standard which have a significant impact on wireless communication technologies. The DASH7 standard was accepted by international standard organization technical committee and came into effect in 2004. The DASH7 standard has a number of requirements on the corporate sector, concerning the wireless technology. It requires that the corporate sector need to transmit data at a frequency of 433MHz. The standard also requires the corporate sector to use similar electronic gadgets of data exchange to eliminate difficulties of compatibility and encourage easy communication (Thomas, 2009). The standard further requires that all organizations should maintain similar frequency accuracy of 433MHz as a standard way of coding data. This makes decoding easy and encourage use of chips that are similar and easy to operate. The standard also required use of data communication devices that have low modulation and low power consumption. These requirement brought a lot of impacts to the corporate sector in many ways. The standard made the automation of the corporate sector buildings possible. The DASH7 network, with its new frequency of 433MHz, was able to penetrate walls and other impediments that were serving as barriers to automation of buildings. With new frequency, the networks needed less installations than what the previous wireless networks required in making automation of buildings. This frequency of 433MHz made it possible to transmit d ata to smartcards, tickets, and watches in order to establish their location (Norair, 2009). The DASH7 standards pulled the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth out of the market since these standards advocated for use of low power consumption. This made it impossible for these devices to be powered by such low voltages. The DASH7 standard also led to the manufacture of other devices that used very little power. The use of low power made it possible for devices such as watch and smartcard to be automated since they could be tracked from a distance. DASH7 also enabled the development of electric billboards that were used in advertising corporate products. This technology, therefore, boosted e-commerce and enabled companies to make more profits due to low cost of advertisement. The DASH7 technology also led to development of gadgets that utilize the frequency of 433MHz and is commonly used to monitor pressure in car tires (MacManus, 2010). Another gadget called TPMS provides the driver with accurate t ire pressure readings. This enables drivers to save fuel, reduce tire tear and wear, and ensure the overall safety of motorists. The DASH7 technology products are also being used in the management of supply chain. Since DASH7 wireless network has high coverage due to its low frequency of 433 MHz, it is being used in the tracking of maritime vessels, cars, and containers. This is allowing businesses to have control over their assets and, therefore, businesses can be assured of more profit. The use of DASH7

The Unilever market analysis and overview

The Unilever market analysis and overview To add vitality to life is Unilevers everlasting corporate mission, and it works to create a better future every day. Ever since Unilever was established in 1884 by the founder William Hesketh Lever, It has grown to one of worlds leading suppliers of fast moving consumer goods. Winning in the market place is one of the core secrets of its success (Unilever Global, 2010). In 1996, Unilevers market share of powder category in Brazil reached as high as 81 per cent with three brands: Omo, Minerva and Campeiro. Despite its brand name and company goodwill Unilever was unable to penetrate the detergent market in the North East (NE) of Brazil. The North East of Brazil constitutes twenty eight percent of Brazils total population with close to forty eight million low income consumers (Chandon Pacheco 2007).This report therefore aims at providing recommendations on the marketing strategy that Unilever should employ to target the low-income consumer segment. The report is structured into three parts namely consumer behaviour, brand identity, and the marketing mix followed by our recommendations. First we shall identify the consumer behaviour differences among laundry products customers in Brazil. Second we shall discuss whether Unilever should bring out a new brand, reposition its existing brand or go ahead with a brand extension to target the North Eastern Brazilian market. We will then briefly touch upon the positioning of the brand and discuss in detail the marketing mix. Theories and empirical data shall be applied where necessary. CONSUMER DIFFERENCES In order to make an effective marketing strategy, we should first analyse the consumer behaviour differences between the SE and NE segments of the laundry product market in Brazil. A deep understanding of the target consumer group is the first step in promoting a successful product to a new market (Chandon Pacheco 2007). The following table clearly shows the consumer behaviour differences between the two market segments. NORTH EAST SOUTH EAST 53% of the population live on less than two minimum wages. 21% of the population live on less than two minimum wages. Only 28% of households own a washing machine. Washing machines are a necessity with 67% of the population possessing a machine. Women scrub clothes using bars. Then they add bleach to remove stains little detergent powder at the end to make clothes smell good. Women mix powder detergent and softener in a washing machine and use laundry soap and bleach only to remove the toughest stains. North-easterners use a lot more soap (20kg) South Easterners use a lot less soap than the NE (7kg) Women often do their washing in a public place Most women wash clothes alone at home People attach the symbolic value to cleanliness; women see it as the dedication towards her family. Cleanliness has much lower relevance for self-esteem and social status It is essential to analyse the buyer role framework to understand the shopping habits of low income consumer. This in turn will help the firm in its marketing mix. Table 2 below analyses the buyer role framework for the laundry products in the NE segment: INITIATOR Women of the house INFLUENCER Friends, neighbours or relatives that the women meet at the public laundry area DECIDER Husband or in the case of the unmarried woman the financial head of the family sometimes even themselves. BUYER Husband and Wife or either one of them USER The Whole Family/Household Table 2: NE BUYER ROLE FRAMEWORK SOURCE- OWN COMPILATION Why are there such varied differences between the two consumer segments? The reasons can be attributed to some factors which influence their choices. All these factors can be divided into four aspects: cultural, social, personal and psychological. The first factor that should be taken into consideration is motivation which belongs to the psychological aspect; because the motives drive consumers to buy. We all know Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. According to his theory, motives can be divided into five categories: the physiological needs, the safety needs, the love needs, the esteem needs and the need for self-actualization. Among these categories, the physiological is the basic need, which means the fundamentals of survival (Maslow 1943, 370-396). Only if the lower needs are well gratified, can new set of higher needs emerge (Maslow 1943). As stated in the case, women in the NE of Brazil, who have very low incomes and poor living conditions, are just fulfilling the most basic need and hence will prefer a product that offers value for money. Another factor related to psychological aspect is beliefs and attitudes. Women in NE of Brazil attach symbolic value to the cleanliness of the clothes. They regard it as the dedication of the mother to her family. Due to this they would probably buy a laundry product with ability to remove stains. Lifestyle is also an important factor that influences behaviour under personal aspect. Lifestyle refers to the pattern of living as expressed in a persons activities, interests and opinions. Lifestyle analysis, categorizes consumers according to their beliefs, activities, values, and demographic characteristics such as education and income (Jobber, D. 2007). Women in the NE of Brazil, viewing washing clothes as one of the pleasurable routine activities of their week. The forth factor which influences their consumer behaviour is the social class. It is a sub factor of cultural aspect. People in NE of Brazil are the working class and those at lowest level of subsistence. Their social class is at the bottom of the pyramid. Their income can only sustain their daily basic needs, and these factors greatly affect their buying attitudes towards the laundry products. This is one reason for their extensive laundry soap usage. One factor of classifying households is based on their geographic location. This analysis is called geo demographics and is based on population census data. (Jobber, D. 2007). The households different economic conditions determine whether they will buy the kind of laundry product which may be less effective but with a more reasonable price or the best product without considering its price. The geographic location differences can enlighten the company to make the marketing strategies accordingly. BRAND IDENTITY Marketing managers aim at developing their products into brands to help them create a unique position in the minds of their customers (Jobber, 2007, p. 326). It is therefore essential to understand the difference between a product and a brand. A product can be anything that has the capacity to satisfy customer need. Branding is the process by which companies distinguish their product offering from the competition. (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 133). Branding enables customers to build relationship in terms of prestige, status, economy and eases the purchase decision (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 134). After analyzing the needs of the target market we as a strategic marketing team propose that Unilever should employ the brand extension strategy. 3.1 BRAND EXTENSION Brand extension refers to the use of an established brand name on a new brand within the same broad market (Jobber Fahy, 2006). As mentioned earlier, Unilever has three brands namely Omo, Minerva and Campeiro. Their prices are coherent with the order in which they are listed. Omo has been positioned as an expensive product with the ability to remove stains with low quantity when used in washing machines, thus reducing the need for soap or bleach. Minerva, the only brand having penetrated the laundry soap market and the detergent market has positioned itself has having an emotional appeal where as Campeiro stands out as the price brand (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 132). After closely examining the performance, characteristics, consumer preference and market penetration (in both the categories of laundry products) of the three brands we propose that Unilever should apply the brand extension strategy to Minerva. This will provide a good opportunity for Minerva as a brand to increase its mar ket share in the laundry soap market, which is currently being dominated by other local or international products. Also the strong brand identity of Minerva can be sustained into the future through this extension (Jobber, 2007, p. 370). Minerva proves to be the right choice for brand extension because it is correctly priced and positioned unlike its sister brands which are either too low (Campeiro) giving the idea of low quality, or either too high (Omo) making it out of reach to our target market. Our target market being the women in the North East of Brazil and considering their washing traits (Table 1) we propose that Minervas extension be a laundry soap that will try to cater to all of the needs of the North Eastern women or household. Also the North East market for laundry soap is very fragmented because laundry soap is much easier to produce than powdered detergent. Laundry soap is also seen as multi-use product that has many home and personal care uses. The brand will be called Minerva Brilhar- Sabà £o Multi Purpose (Multi Purpose Soap). Under the brand flagship we propose to launch three products namely Minerva Brilhar Alfazema, Minerva Brilhar Cà ­trico and Minerva Brilhar Coco.The reason for choosing three variants is to reduce the risk of the product not being acknowledged by the mass. A detailed explanation of all the three variants will be discussed under the marketing mix. 3.1.1 JUSTIFICATION FOR CHOOSING BRAND EXTENSION A strong brand provides a strong foundation for leveraging positive perceptions and goodwill from the core brand to brand extensions. The new brand benefits from the added value that the brand equity of the core brand bestows on the extension (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 136). Minerva as a brand has a considerable share in both the laundry soap and detergent market. Though not the largest in terms of sales or market share, its positioning makes it the most popular or sought after brand. The use of brand extension is an important marketing tool. The two main advantages of brand extension in launching new products are that: Reduces risk Less costly than alternative launch strategies (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 142). Both distributors and consumers may perceive less risk if the new brand comes or is part of an already established brand name (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 142). The North Eastern side of Brazil has very few malls and supermarkets. Small retailers with small-to- midsized shops are very dominant. Due to their restricted clientele and their spending power shopkeepers would generally be skeptical in shelving a new brand, until and unless they were being paid for shelving the particular product. Consumers generally seem to attribute the quality associations they have of the original brand to the new one (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 142).Launch costs may also be reduced by using brand extension. Since the established brand name is already well known the task of building awareness of the new brand is not required. Consequently advertising, sales and promotional costs are reduced (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 142). Furthermore, there is the likelihood that the company may be able to bank upon advertising economies of scale since advertisements for the original brand and its extension reinforce each other (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 142). Looking at the other side of the coin, there is also the danger that the marketing management will underfund the launch of the product, beleiving that the spin off effects of the original brand name will compensate. This can lead to low awareness. Another effect is cannibalization, which refers to a situation where the new brand gains sales at the expense of the existing brand. There is also the danger that bad publicity for one brand can affect the reputation of the other brands under the same umbrella. Also if a brand name is extended too far there can be a loss of credibility and this is something that the management needs to guard itself against (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 142). Brand extensions are likely to be successful if they make sense to the consumer. If the values and aspirations of the new target segement (s) match those of the original segement, and the qualities of the brand name are likewise highly prized then success is likely (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 143). 4. MARKETING STRATEGIES: 4.1Market segmentation Targeting: Market segmentation is the technique used by marketers to gain an understanding about a diverse nature of markets. Market segmentation may be defined as the identification of individuals or organisations with similar characteristics that have significant implications for the determination of marketing strategy (Jobber, 2007, p. 275) Market segmentation provides the basis for the selection of target markets. The company decides the target market that it wants to serve. As customers in the target market segment are homogenous, a single marketing mix strategy can be developed to match those requirements (Jobber, 2007). The consumer segmentation criteria can be classified into three broad groups: Behavioural, psychological and profile variables (Jobber, 2007).In reference to the case at hand, Unilever is focussing on marketing its laundry products to the low income consumers in North East part of Brazil. Since the consumers in this region are homogenous a single marketing mix strategy can be developed. The launch of Minerva Brilhar aims at targeting the market with the following factors taken into consideration: Buyers: Household women from NE part of Brazil Benefits Sought: Fragrance, Multi-use product. Purchase occasion: Self Buy Lifestyle: Conservatives with traditional values. Gender: Female Social Class: Lower income. Income: 53% of population live on less than two minimum wages. Geographic: North East VS South East part of Brazil. 5. Marketing Mix Marketing Mix is the planned management of the customer relationship including product, price, place and promotion (Jobber, 2007, p. 1001). In what follows, each of the aforementioned elements of marketing mix is discussed in further detail. 5.1 Product Strategies: For some time now it has been conventional for marketers to think in terms of different product levels (Jobber Fahy, 2006).Managing products from a marketing perspective can be explained using the three product levels namely core product, actual product and augmented product as seen in Figure 3. Figure 3: PRODUCT FROM A MARKETING PERSPECTIVE SOURCE ADAPTED: (Jobber Fahy, 2006) The three product levels that are depicted in the figure above can be applied to the case of Minerva Brilhar as shown in Table 3. Core product Convenience, Familiarity, Reassurance and Fragrance Actual Product Plastic pack, Images with text, Modern look to the laundry bar with a ready to use image Augmented Product Satisfaction, Guarantee, Ease of use. Table 3: PRODUCT LEVEL ANALYSIS OF MINERVA BRILHAR SOURCE: OWN COMPILATION USING TEXT FROM (Jobber Fahy, 2006). The characteristics of Minerva Brilhar are discussed below across various criterions: Key product drivers: Various fragrances to choose from, ability to remove stains, better grip, multi-use product (can be used for other home and personal care uses), value for money and longer life of the product. Packaging: Plastic pack of 250 gms x 4 bars with images and text. Each flavour will be packed in individually. Flavour and Ingredients: Three flavours namely Lavender (Alfazema), Citrus (Citrico) and Coconut (Coco). The patented formulae and technology developed by Hindustan Unilever in India for its brand Rin Supreme (sister company) will also be used to develop the above mentioned products. The technology used by HUL is called Pure Clean. The supposed technology would keep clothes looking new for longer unlike other detergent bars which contains 40% mined ingredients (Exchange4media, 2002) Product positioning: Our products tag line would be Keeps your family spotless for longer. The images of the product Minerva Brilhar are seen below. Minerva Brilhar- Sabà £o Multi Purpose SOURCE:OWN COMPILATION SOURCE:OWN COMPILATION 5.2 Price Strategy: Price from a marketing perspective can be defined as the sacrifice a consumer is prepared to make in exchange for the benefits of having a product or service, in order to achieve good value. The value is determined as a function of price, functional benefits and emotional benefits (Jobber Fahy, 2006).Therefore in reference to Minerva Brilhar; we provide improved value to customers by using the differentiation approach strategy wherein the product benefits are enhanced by maintaining the price. Minerva Brilhar is reasonably priced as compared to the other Unilever detergent brands. The product provides enhanced value in terms of functional benefits such as ease of use with a better grip and is a multipurpose product. It also caters to the emotional benefits of the NE Brazilian customers such as cleanliness and provides a range of pleasant fragrances. 5.21: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PRICING DECISIONS OF MINERVA BRILHAR: The pricing decision of products is influenced by internal and external factors. While deciding the price for Minerva Brilhar the following factors were taken into consideration. Marketing strategy: The differentiation strategy of pricing is suggested since the product has enhanced value and is priced at a nominally higher price than the existing Unilever products. Marketing Mix: The quality of the product was enhanced in terms of better grip and more variety of fragrances for multipurpose use. Length of the distribution channel: The length of the distribution channel is long in the NE Brazilian market therefore the distributor mark up price is increased slightly. 5.22: KEY BASES FOR PRICE SETTING: There are three key methods used by managers to set prices namely cost based pricing, competition pricing and marketing pricing. The figure below briefly explains the three pricing methods. Figure 4: KEY BASES FOR SETTING PRICE SOURCE ADAPTED FROM: (Jobber Fahy, 2006) The pricing method adopted in the case of Minerva Brilhar is the marketing/customer based pricing wherein the price of the product is designed based on attaching appropriate price to reflect the benefits offered to the customers (Dr.Angela Tregear, 2010). The market orientation approach was used to decide the prices. Minerva Brilhar will be priced at 1.71$/kg. Table 4 will outline the cost break up of Minerva Brilhar The cost break up constitutes of formulation cost of 1.05$/kg due to added features in the product such as three variants in flavour and better grip with a pure clean formula. The packaging cost will be 0.15$/kg as it is a plastic pack with four bars. The promotional cost is slightly higher at 0.32 $/kg as heavy promotion is needed to build awareness for the brand extension. The major challenge faced by Unilever in pricing their products was to divert its funds from its premium brands to invest in a lower margin market. Therefore, pricing Minerva Brilhar at a price that is affordable by the mass can allow Unilever to penetrate the market better. 5.3 Promotion strategies: Promotional activities can be broad and are aimed at the market as a whole. The overall range of techniques available to the marketer is usually known as the promotional mix and comprises seven main elements which are represented in Figure 4 (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 217). Figure 5: SEVEN MAIN ELEMENTS OF PROMOTIONAL MIX SOURCE: ADAPTED FROM (Jobber Fahy, 2006) The promotion of Minerva Brilhar will be done through advertising, sales promotion and sponsorship. A key point to note here is that almost all Brazilians irrespective of their incomes are avid television watchers (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 133). Despite of this fact, Unilever has responded by reducing the amount of advertising it places on television and instead switching to outdoor and internet advertising (Jobber Fahy, 2006).Therefore retaining the existing Unilever marketing strategy of outdoor and internet advertising the product will be advertised will the help of posters on small stores. Radio will also be used as an alternative to television for delivering the message across to a wide number of audiences. The other means of promotion that we propose for the new brand is through sales promotions. Consumer promotion techniques such as free samples can be introduced to encourage trial as this can be effective for brand extension (Jobber Fahy, 2006). In the case of Minerva Brilhar we will sell 20g of free sample with the purchase of each pack of any flavour. The final step of promotion for our brand will be through sponsorship. Considering the popularity of football in Brazil we propose that the sponsorship be in the form of a football match played by four teams namely Minerva, Minerva Brilhar Alfazema, Minerva Brilhar Cà ­trico and Minerva Brilhar Coco. We will encourage the North Eastern locals to participate in the match.This will indeed create an awareness among the minds of the consumers.There will also be wet demos of the product at the end of the match for consumers to visualise the features of the product.Radio shall also be used inorder to promote the event. 5.4 Distribution strategy: The final part of the jigsaw is the distribution,the place element of the marketing mix.Products must be available in adequate quantities, in convienent locations and at times when customers want to buy them.According to Jobber and Fahy,distribution channel is the means by which products are moved from producer to end consumer (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 285).Choosing the most effective marketing channel is as crucial aspect of a marketing strategy. 5.41 COMPONENTS OF DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY: All products require a channel for distribution. There are various channels of distributions. The most difficult decision is to decide which channel of distribution to choose. The distribution strategy comprises of three components namely channel selection, distribution intensity and channel integration. Channel selection: The main challenge for Unilever was that they lacked a strong distribution network in NE part of Brazil (Jobber Fahy, 2006, p. 134).This makes it indeed difficult for a product that is new to the market to position itself well. Keeping the practicality of the situation in mind, to establish a strong distribution channel for Minerva Brilhar would be to get access to as many specialised distributors as possible for the product to be recognised in the market. By keeping the channel length short, we will be able to cater to the mark up price of distributors. Distribution intensity: The distribution intensity for Minerva Brilhar will be intensive as it essential for the product to reach the 75,000 small outlets spread over the North East. The product should be easily accessible or else the purpose of creating a brand extension is defeated. 6. CONCLUSION: Prahalad Hart (2002) in an article state an interesting statement that low income markets present a prodigious opportunity for the worlds wealthiest companies-to seek their fortunes and bring prosperity to the aspiring poor (Prahalad Hart, 2002). Unilevers own analysis of Nirma and HLLs competition in the detergent business reveals more about the profit potential of the marketplace at the bottom of the pyramid (Prahalad Hart, 2002).This theory is widely known as the bottom of the pyramid theory. It is essential for an organisation to bear in mind that they must focus on low income consumer segments as value-demanding customers (Rajghatta, 2010). In relevance to the case at hand, Unilever can adopt the bottom of pyramid theory and develop products exclusively for the lower income segments wherein producing only cheap and low quality products must not be an ultimate goal. The company can earn immense profits if it rightly creates a good quality product with the value for money. The brand extension strategy as proposed should be the right decision for Unilever as it can provide a wide range of products with value for money to the customers. If Unilever adopts the bottom of the pyramid theory in the right fashion it surely will move towards the road of success.

Experience is knowledge :: essays research papers

Option # 1 Write an essay with the theme of your first quotation â€Å"A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is by saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.† - Alexander Pope (1688-1744)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Experience is Knowledge†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many regrets may burden ones mind throughout their life. This is a totally normal part of ones life that one may have no control over. â€Å"A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is by saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.† - Alexander Pope (1688-1744) It is important that one will learn from their mistakes and take out a valuable lesson learned through their actions. The world does not stop for your sake, it simply keeps going and does not put into consideration that the day did not go accordingly to plans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is perfectly normal for one to feel question or doubt of a certain action performed. Anyone that is human would have this reaction to something that was a difficult decision to make. As many will come to see, life was not equipped with a pause button to put everything on hold so life as we know it can be put back into order. So many little things happen everyday, if a person would let all of these things get under their skin, life would be better known as â€Å"hell.† The best advice one could use would be to learn from the mistakes made, and become wiser with each one made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Should mistakes be looked at as something to be ashamed of? Being a human, mistake are inevitable. There is no such thing as someone who has not ever questioned an action performed or a decision made. Humans are given a conscious, this is strictly for making decisions. It helps one makes decisions by questioning everything. By doing this, uncertainty is not out of the question. Wrong choices, and bad actions are not something one should ever be ashamed of. Wrong choices, and bad actions that are performed more then once are something one should be ashamed of.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wisdom comes with experience, engorging oneself in many opportunities comes with its mistakes. If one can comes out of a bad experience with some sort of knowledge that will help them, or teach them anything, it was not something to be ashamed of.

Morality Defined Essay

Legendary philosopher, Socrates once said, â€Å"A system of morality which is based on relative emotional values is a mere illusion, a thoroughly vulgar conception which has nothing sound in it and nothing true.† With this statement, Socrates argues that there are few people in this world who possess an absolute morality within themselves whereas most others have a relative morality which they stand by. Absolute morality is the belief that something is always right or always wrong while relative morality is the belief that something is right or wrong depending on the circumstances. The crucial difference between absolute and relative morality lies in the viewpoints of the people who possess each one. However, Socrates’ belief is that relative morality is nothing more than a mere illusion because it really has no guidelines that it stands behind; it is solely based on opinion. In his mind, it should not even be considered a morality. In essence, Socrates is arguing that you must believe in something to its extreme or not at all; there is no in-between. Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Road, tells the riveting story of a father and son’s survival in a post-apocalyptic world full of thieves and cannibals. The man and the boy travel the United States in search of food and shelter, while also attempting to flee from danger and the threat of death. All through the story, they consistently struggle with issues concerning their own morality, character, and conscience. They are forced to make life altering-decisions that ultimately define who they are as people. Throughout the novel The Road, McCarthy uses nature symbolism and apocalyptic imagery to criticize that many people’s ethics dissipate and their immorality consequently rises when they are immersed in an evil world. The desolate world that the boy, man, and others have to live in results in some people going to the extremes to survive. As the boy and man journey on the road, they encounter very few people along the way. However, one day, the man realizes there are people following him and the boy, so they hide out. Three men and a pregnant woman pass them on the road. A few minutes later they are met with a shocking sight, â€Å"Oh Papa, he said. He turned and looked again. What the boy had seen was a charred human infant headless and gutted and blackening on the spit. He bent and picked the boy up and started for the road with him, holding him close. I’m sorry, he whispered. I’m sorry† (McCarthy 198). The author deliberately describes the appearance of the burning baby using words that convey graphic imagery such as, â€Å"charred, human, infant, headless, gutted, and blackening,† eliciting a repulsive feeling and characterizing the ugliness of evil in the world. The sight traumatizes the boy evidenced when he gasps, â€Å"Oh, Papa,† and turns â€Å"and looked again [at the burning baby].† The man feels regretful for letting the boy experience such a horrendous sight and apologizes as he takes the boy back to the road. This gruesome imagery reveals the absolute social breakdown in humanity and society. The morality of the people in this apocalyptic world has completely faded because there are no governing rules or laws to keep them in line. This results in total chaos and turmoil as seen when the weakest and most helpless of human beings – an infant – is preyed upon by a group of insane man-eaters. The cannibals clearly symbolize the end of civilization and this passage represents the extremes of violence, hunger, and cruelty within the apocalyptic world. Every person in the story seems to be judged by the man and boy as either good and moral or evil and immoral. In his view, the man strongly believes he and the boy are moral and good because, as he tells the boy, â€Å"we’re carrying the fire† (McCarthy 83). This â€Å"fire† is symbolic of hope and human perseverance, despite the wicked world they are living in. The man assures the boy that they are the â€Å"good guys† who â€Å"carry the fire† within themselves to never stop trying to survive in the horrible world even amongst â€Å"bad guys† who kill and even cannibalize people in order to survive. As the story unfolds, the boy and the man encounter many potential threats to their existence and make questionable decisions in order to survive which sometimes violate their self-professed â€Å"good guy† virtues. Through his actions, the man subtly begins to show signs that he is heading towards immorality and evil. The man and the boy are awoken by the sound of a diesel truck not too far from them. They flee their camp site and listen quietly until the silence is broken by a guy stumbling through the woods. The guy wrestles the boy into his arms and the man fires his loaded pistol, â€Å"The man fell back instantly and lay with blood bubbling from the hole in his forehead. The boy was lying in his lap with no expression at all†¦covered with gore and mute as a stone† (McCarthy 66). The man’s quick reaction to save his son represents the very rare love bonds that still exist in this apocalyptic world. The author compares the boy to a â€Å"mute stone† after he obviously experiences another life-changing moment. Sickening imagery is also used in this passage, as seen through the words, â€Å"bubbling, hole, and gore.† These words portray the man’s heroic act to save his son; however, it comes at the expense of the brutal murder he committed. The man shoots the guy who threatens his son with the intention of ensuring the boy’s safety, yet it contradicts his own moral virtues. Because he did this out of love, the man can essentially justify the violent killing as being morally correct. Yet, what the man fails to realize, is what makes his choice more praiseworthy than the choices of the people who kill and even cannibalize others in order to survive. This clearly raises a contradiction which creates an ambiguity between immorality and morality. Although the man killed this guy to protect his son, his decision is still problematic because it only takes one bad decision like this to arouse the inner evil within himself and eventually drive him to immorality. After living in such a malicious world for such a long time, it is nearly impossible for the man not to succumb to immorality and evil. The boy and the man enjoy a nice walk on the beach until they come back to find their camp completely raided. Their entire shopping cart full of food and other survival necessities had been stolen and as a result, they set out to find the thief. They follow the tracks of the shopping cart and finally find the thief in front of the cart with a butcher knife. The man is enraged and pulls his pistol out and threatens the crook, â€Å"Take your clothes off. / What? / Take them off. Every goddamned stitch. / Come on. Don’t do this. / I’ll kill you where you stand. / He stripped slowly and piled his vile rags in the road. / Put the clothes in the shopping cart. / He bent and scooped the up the rags in his arms and piled them on top of the shoes. / Don’t do this, man. / You didn’t mind doing it to us. / You tried to kill us. / I’m starving, man. You’d have done the same. / You took everything. / Come on, man. I’ll die. / I’m going to leave you the way you left us† (McCarthy 256-257). The man clearly displays immorality by the way he treated the thief and how he reacted to the situation at hand. It is obvious he is incapable of any empathy for the guy who is trying to survive in the same hellish world he is trying to live in. The fact that he wanted to punish the guy by stripping him suggests he wants to make the crook suffer a horrible death because the world is too cold to live without any sort of clothing. The thief in this passage symbolizes the deterioration of the human race because he embodies the ugliness that has emerged in this new world where formerly common things are now extremely valuable. The man still believes he is a â€Å"good guy,† however, this controversial decision proves otherwise. Because the man is acting so cruelly in this scene, his viciousness can almost be compared to the brutality of the savages that roam the same barren world he lives in. Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, set in the Pre-Civil War period, tells the story of young boy named Huckleberry â€Å"Huck† Finn, who ventures throughout the Mississippi River Valley. Huck travels with a run-away slave named Jim, meets many new people, and encounters frequent obstacles along the way. Throughout the novel, Huck constantly struggles with complex circumstances affecting his own conscience and morality, but ends up making a big decision that reflects his true character in the end. Due to the social environment in which Huck grew up, his racist outlook is displayed on occasion throughout the story. In one short exchange with Aunt Sally, Huck indicates that he doesn’t actually view blacks as real people. Huck tells his aunt that his boat ran ashore and she worriedly responds, â€Å"‘Good gracious! Anybody hurt?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Huck replies, ‘†No’m. Killed a nigger,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ to which Aunt Sally answers, ‘†Well, it’s lucky; because sometimes people do get hurt’† (Twain 167). Huck’s conversation with his aunt vividly illustrates the deeply embedded racism within society. Not only does this exchange exemplify Huck’s own beliefs about blacks’ inferiority, but also proves his prejudiced outlook is primarily derived from the racist society in which he lives. The conversation suggests that both the aunt and Huck think of blacks only as â€Å"things† or â€Å"objects,† not actually human beings. When Huck informs his aunt that a â€Å"nigger† had died in the crash, she casually dismisses any loss of life. Instead, she responds by pointing out that â€Å"it’s lucky; because sometimes people do get hurt [in boat crashes],† therefore essentially revealing that she believes that blacks are not people. Both Aunt Sally and Huck offer no empathy or show any responsiveness to the death, which most people would do if another human had died. Although Huck views slavery as morally correct, he only believes this because it is customary during this time period. In essence, Huck’s moral nature has been misguided and distorted throughout his childhood, causing him to believe slavery and white superiority is ethically right. Sadly, his morality has been skewed so he believes something not necessarily because he actually believes it in his heart, but possibly because it is just what is socially accepted at the time. Bennett Kravits, author of the critical essay â€Å"Reinventing the world and reinventing the self in Huck Finn† reveals his criticism regarding Twain’s portrayal of whites’ perceptions of blacks. He specifically deals with the phrase that Huck uses to describe Jim, â€Å"white inside† (Twain 345).† He essentially explains that although that seems to be an overtly racist description, it actually has the potential to â€Å"undercut the prejudicial notions that whites held concerning blacks† (Kravits 6). It is clear Huck has a difficult time seeing Jim as an equal member of society, but he instead can view him as white inside. According to Kravits, the significance behind this depiction is that Huck discovers a way to see Jim as a fellow human being, just in an odd way. Huck’s morality has been molded throughout his childhood and he has an ingrained belief that blacks are just inhumane slaves that are property to white people; however, Kravits is actually arguing that Huck realizes black people deserve to be labeled as humans and not property. While journeying down the Mississippi River together, Huck and Jim begin to bond in a unique way. A friendship between them starts to develop and Huck’s compassion for Jim grows despite him being a black slave. Huck is faced with the particularly difficult decision of either turning Jim in or rescuing himself from the Phelps’. He struggles between standing up for Jim and what he believes is right or surrendering to the embedded racism he has grown up around. With Jim’s fate on his hands, Huck decides to save Jim instead of himself and rips up the letter to Miss Watson with the astounding exclamation, â€Å"‘All right, then I’ll go to Hell†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (Twain 162). During the moments leading up to this heroic decision, his mind runs wild with the thoughts of the harsh punishments Jim could possibly face. Huck recognizes that he has a power to give Jim something he has desired his entire life: freedom. Huck’s empathy is so strong at this point, that combined with his loyalty and morality, it causes Huck to have a significant epiphany. The epiphany illuminates Huck’s concern for Jim and shows another step in his moral development. The fact that Huck believes he is giving up his soul for Jim’s freedom demonstrates that Huck’s morality has truly developed over the course of the novel. This shows Huck’s incredible loyalty and his ability to put himself in Jim’s shoes in order to sacrifice his owns wants, needs and desires to save Jim. His empathy displayed in this scene supports the belief that although Huck is racist, he still possesses an enormous capacity to see Jim as a fellow human being. Every person acts in accordance with their beliefs, attitudes, and values, which consequently reflects that person’s ultimate identity. Many factors are responsible for determining the principles people value and respect, including familial, societal, and environmental influences. Throughout Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck is in the midst of moral development in his subconscious and his deeper feelings arise as the truer expression of his morality. He makes decisions in his adventures which demonstrate that not only does he possess morals, he possesses extraordinary ones. Huck’s moral maturity rings clear after he makes significant controversial decisions. Huck’s character progression shows that good scruples can be developed in anyone and a more empathetic part of people can triumph over heartlessness. . In the novel The Road, Cormac McCarthy describes the struggle between morality and immorality that exists within every person that walks the post-apocalyptic world. He demonstrates that some people give into the evil while others are able to remain good. McCarthy essentially concentrates on the man’s progression from the moral â€Å"good guy† to an immoral â€Å"bad guy.† â€Å"The fire† that the man truly believed he possessed slowly smolders and he begins to succumb to the immoral world he had faced for such a long time. Huck and the man serve as foils to each other by highlighting Huck’s progression towards a better morality as the man regresses and loses the morals he originally possessed. In essence, both Twain and McCarthy conclude that all people are faced with adversity and difficult decisions, but those people have the power to make certain choices which ultimately define who they really are. Works Cited McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. Print. Kravits, Bennett. â€Å"Reinventing the World and Reinventing the Self in Huck Finn.† Literature Resource Center. Gale, Winter 2004. Web. 22 May 2012. . Socrates. â€Å"Morality Quotes.† ThinkExist. Web. 22 May. 2012. . Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. United Sates: Tom Doherty Associates, 1985. Print.

L1 8 - Presentation Skills 1 ( Ans ) Essays - Presentation Software

L1 8 - Presentation Skills 1 ( Ans ) Essays - Presentation Software L1 8 - Presentation Skills 1 ( Ans ) Task 1 D B C A Task 2 Academic presentations What is the main difference between academic and secondary school presentations? Academic presentations include research , which means you need to cite references . Academic Style In academic style, you need to show authority and to establish that what you are talking about is relevant , correct and valid . Reference List You should choose references that are relevant and that also support your arguments properly . What are the two ways to cite your references? provide the reference in the slide cite it orally / verbally , e.g. as John Chan points out in his article in 2010 Structure A good structure enables the audience to follow the content very clearly . Make sure each section of your presentation is organised properly. What is Signposting? it is the outline at the beginning. it gives direction to where the presentation is leading. it is the use of citations. Language Why is Language tricky for some students? Because oral presentations use lot of spoken language and they need lots of interaction . What happens if a student just reads a presentation? dull boring low grade Be careful: Not to use very emotional language Voice, body language and interaction. Body language includes: very good eye contact ; good posture ; good facial expressions ; and a ppropriate gestures . Interaction means: ask questions create interest get your audience to ask questions Slides What is the advice for slides? best to keep it simple not to use too many fancy animations or sound effects Remember: You are the one delivering the presentation , but not the PowerPoint which is delivering the presentation. Summary Which of the following features belong to a cademic presentation'? Very well researched content Reliable references Clearly organised Good intonation Good body language Appropriate language Simple but effective slides Effective signposting Task 3 " intro 2" is better because of the following features: good eye contact; good pronunciation and articulation; confidence; any other reasonable answers . Task 4 Task 5 Ex.8.1 Task 6 Task 7 Ex.6.1

Gary Paulsen Essays - Gary Paulsen, Woodsong, Dogsong, Paulsen

Gary Paulsen Essays - Gary Paulsen, Woodsong, Dogsong, Paulsen Gary Paulsen Gary Paulsen Born May 17, 1939, Gary Paulsen is one of America's most popular writers for young people. Although he was never a dedicated student, Paulsen developed a passion for reading at an early age. After a librarian gave him a book to read, along with his own library card he was hooked. He began spending hours alone in the basement of his apartment building, reading one book after another. Running away from home at the age of 14 and traveling with a carnival, Paulsen gained a taste for adventure. A youthful summer of tough chores on a farm, too many jobs to count, and two rounds of the 1,180-mile Alaskan dog sled race, the Iditarod; have provided abundant material from which he creates his powerful stories. Paulsen's realization that he would become a writer came suddenly when he was working as a satellite technician for an aerospace company in California. One night he walked off the job, never to return. He spent the next year in Hollywood as a magazine proofreader, working on his own writ ing every night. Then he left California and drove to northern Minnesota where he rented a cabin on a lake; by the end of the winter, he had completed his first novel. Living in the remote Minnesota woods, Paulsen soon turned to the sport of dog racing, and entered the 1983 Iditarod. This led to his later novels; Woodsong and Dogsong. Paulsen's overwhelming belief in young people that drives him to write. His intense desire to tap deeply into the human spirit and to encourage readers to observe and care about the world around them has brought him both enormous popularity with young people and critical honor from the children's book community. Paulsen is a master storyteller who has written more than 175 books and some 200 articles and short stories for children and adults. He is one of the most important writers of young adult literature today. My personal insights while reading Paulsens books are that he can make novels that bring true life into focus. He can show deep emotions through a rugged outdoors book. He also shows immense content and great structure in his books. Most of all I like his style and how he likes to write about his self-events. I think his work is most excellent. He is my favorite author and he lets himself express what he is feeling. I chose this book because I have read many of his previous books and they are great. He is an excellent author and I will continue to keep reading his books.